Exploring the Role of Light and Feeding Synchronization on Egg Production, Microbial Diversity, and Welfare in Broiler Parent Stock: Insights into Sustainable Poultry Management and Biodiversity

Abstract

A controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of the interaction between lighting and feeding system on Ross-308 broiler parent stock during their production phase [25-48 weeks] of life. In two poultry houses (automatic vs. manual feeding), six lighting combinations were applied, varying the spectrum (visible, special visible, and ultraviolet-A added visible) and color temperature (warm/cool white). The study, which involved 2880 birds, measured growth and egg production performance, welfare indicators and the presence of E. coli and S. aureus.  The results, analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMR), revealed significant interactions between the light spectrum and feeding system (p ≤ 0.05). UV-A light in conjunction with automatic feeding significantly enhanced egg production (p ≤ 0.01), improved welfare indicators such as dust bathing behavior (p ≤ 0.05), reduced litter moisture (p ≤ 0.05), and minimized bacterial contamination (E. coli and S. aureus) within poultry houses (p ≤ 0.01). Specifically, UV-A light demonstrated a germicidal effect, reducing microbial growth on bird surfaces and equipment. The study underscores the potential of integrating UV-A lighting and automatic feeding systems to promote animal welfare and production efficiency, aligning with sustainable poultry practices. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing environmental factors to improve both the productivity and well-being of poultry, contributing to broader ecological and biodiversity goals by enhancing farm biosecurity and minimizing the environmental impact of poultry farming. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of UV-A lighting on microbial ecosystems and its potential to reduce the ecological footprint of poultry farms, supporting biodiversity conservation by promoting healthier, more sustainable farming practices.