Zoochosis: A short review on stereotypical behavior of captive animals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362442Keywords:
Tiresome, Behavior, CaptivityAbstract
Zoochosis is a stereotypical behavior of animals. It is commonly observed in captive animals. The stereotypic activities in animals are tiresome in conduct, consistent in practice, with no seeming goal or definite purpose. Common forms of Zoochotic conduct in captive conditions include head rolling, striding, extreme licking, hair or feather pulling, and outline swimming. Various studies that explained the effects of stimulus's expectedness on animal conduct and welfare have been inclined to manipulate certainty. Zoos play an animated part in wildlife and are ex-situ protection sites which are playing a lively part in wildlife supervision and protection. However, Zoo tourists might serve as an important cause of stress on captive animals. These stresses result in self-biting and hurting in captive animals which is comparable to self-injurious behavior (SIB) in humans. This review article would highlight the conditions of captive animals and analyze the factors that are directly affecting captive animals.
References
Akers, J. S., & Schildkraut, D. S. (1985). Regurgitation/reingestion and coprophagy in captive gorillas. Zoo Biology, 4(2), 99-109.
Anderson, U. S., Benne, M., Bloomsmith, M. A., & Maple, T. L. (2002). Retreat space and human visitor density moderate undesirable behavior in petting zoo animals. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 5(2), 125-137.
Anderson, U. S., Kelling, A. S., Pressley-Keough, R., Bloomsmith, M. A., & Maple, T. L. (2003). Enhancing the zoo visitor’s experience through public animal training and oral interpretation at an otter exhibit. Environment and behavior, 35(6), 826-841.
Bassett, L., & Buchanan-Smith, H. M. (2007). Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 102(3-4), 223-245.
Benhajali, H., Ezzaouia, M., Lunel, C., Charfi, F., & Hausberger, M. (2014). Stereotypic behaviours and mating success in domestic mares. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 153, 36-42.
Bernstein, I. S., Shusterman, R. J., & Sharpe, L. G. (1963). A comparison of rhesus monkey and gibbon responses to unfamiliar situations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56(5), 914.
Bloomsmith, M. A., & Lambeth, S. P. (1995). Effects of predictable versus unpredictable feeding schedules on chimpanzee behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 44(1), 65-74.
Bonier, F., Martin, P. R., & Wingfield, J. C. (2007). Maternal corticosteroids influence primary offspring sex ratio in a free-ranging passerine bird. Behavioral Ecology, 18(6), 1045-1050.
Bourgeois, S. R., Vazquez, M., & Brasky, K. (2007). Combination therapy reduces self-injurious behavior in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes): A case report. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 10(2), 123-140.
Bradshaw, G. A., Capaldo, T., Lindner, L., & Grow, G. (2008). Building an inner sanctuary: complex PTSD in chimpanzees. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 9(1), 9-34.
Clubb, R., & Mason, G. J. (2007). Natural behavioural biology as a risk factor in carnivore welfare: How analysing species differences could help zoos improve enclosures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 102(3-4), 303-328.
Duncan, I. J. H. (1970). Frustration in the fowl. In Aspects of poultry behavior 6: 15-31. British Poultry Science Edinburgh.
Faust, L. J., & Thompson, S. D. (2000). Birth sex ratio in captive mammals: patterns, biases, and the implications for management and conservation. Zoo Biology: Published in affiliation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 19(1), 11-25.
Garner, J. P., Mason, G. J., & Smith, R. (2003). Stereotypic route-tracing in experimentally caged songbirds correlates with general behavioural disinhibition. Animal Behaviour, 66(4), 711-727.
Glatston, A. R., Geilvoet‐Soeteman, E., Hora‐Pecek, E., & Van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1984). The influence of the zoo environment on social behavior of groups of cotton‐topped tamarins, Saguinus oedipus oedipus. Zoo biology, 3(3), 241-253.
Gottlieb, D. H., Coleman, K., & McCowan, B. (2013). The effects of predictability in daily husbandry routines on captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 143(2-4), 117-127.
Haque, A. (2011). Depression in caged animals: a study at the National Zoo, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Zoo’s Print Magazine, 26(11), 25-29.
Hook, M. A., Lambeth, S. P., Perlman, J. E., Stavisky, R., Bloomsmith, M. A., & Schapiro, S. J. (2002). Inter-group variation in abnormal behavior in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 76(2), 165-176.
Hosey, G. R. (2000). Zoo animals and their human audiences: What is the visitor effect?. Animal Welfare, 9(4), 343-357.
Hosey, G. R. (2005). How does the zoo environment affect the behaviour of captive primates?. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90(2), 107-129.
Hosey, G. R., & Skyner, L. J. (2007). Self-injurious behavior in zoo primates. International Journal of Primatology, 28(6), 1431-1437.
Jafari Shehni, M. (2022). Light pollution affects body mass and age of the first mating of domestic male birds (study model: Domestic Pigeon). Sustainability and Biodiversity Conservation, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7135009
Jeppesen, L. L., Heller, K. E., & Bildsøe, M. (2004). Stereotypies in female farm mink (Mustela vison) may be genetically transmitted and associated with higher fertility due to effects on body weight. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 86(1-2), 137-143.
Jones, R. (2016). The effects of animal captivity-research essay!
Konjević, D., Bata, I., Sindičić, M., & Njemirovskij, V. (2015). Zoochosis as a cause of excessive dental wear in the captive Siberian tiger-a case report. Veterinarska Stanica, 46(1), 59-63.
Kumar, V. (2021). Clinical management of maggot wounds in Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus). Scientific Reports in Life Sciences, 2(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.22034/srls.2020.520564.1006
Lefcort, H., Ammann, E., & Eiger, S. M. (2000). Antipredatory behavior as an index of heavy-metal pollution? A test using snails and caddisflies. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38(3), 311-316.
Lutz, C. K., & Novak, M. A. (2005). Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates: theory and application. Ilar Journal, 46(2), 178-191.
Lutz, C., Marinus, L., Chase, W., Meyer, J., & Novak, M. (2003a). Self-injurious behavior in male rhesus macaques does not reflect externally directed aggression. Physiology & Behavior, 78(1), 33-39.
Lutz, C., Well, A., & Novak, M. (2003b). Stereotypic and self‐injurious behavior in rhesus macaques: a survey and retrospective analysis of environment and early experience. American Journal of Primatology: Official Journal of the American Society of Primatologists, 60(1), 1-15.
Mallapur, A., & Choudhury, B. C. (2003). Behavioral abnormalities in captive nonhuman primates. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 6(4), 275-284.
Marriner, L. M., & Drickamer, L. C. (1994). Factors influencing stereotyped behavior of primates in a zoo. Zoo Biology, 13(3), 267-275.
Martin, J. E. (2002). Early life experiences: activity levels and abnormal behaviors in resocialised chimpanzees. Animal Welfare, 11(4): 419-436.
Mason, G. J. & Latham, N. (2004). Can’t stop, won’t stop: is stereotypy a reliable animal welfare indicator.
Mason, G. J. (2010). Species differences in responses to captivity: stress, welfare and the comparative method. Trends Ecology Evolution, 25(12): 713-721.
Mason, G., & Rushen, J. (2008). Stereotypic animal behaviour: fundamentals and applications to welfare. Cabi.
Maulana, R., Gawi, J. M., & Utomo, S. W. (2020). Architectural design assessment of Javan leopard rehabilitation facility regarding the occurrence of stereotypical pacing. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 426(1): 012075 IOP Publishing.
Meagher, R. K., Campbell, D. L., & Mason, G. J. (2017). Boredom-like states in mink and their behavioural correlates: a replicate study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 197, 112-119.
Mitchell, G., Obradovich, S. D., Herring, F. H., Dowd, B., & Tromborg, C. (1991). Threats to observers, keepers, visitors, and others by zoo mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster). Primates, 32(4), 515-522.
Mitchell, G., Soteriou, S., Kenney, L., Towers, S., Schumer, C., Dillin, L., & Gusé, K. (1988). Golden‐bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster) at the Sacramento Zoo: Adult heterosexual pairs. Zoo biology, 7(1), 1-13.
Mootnick, A. R., & Nadler, R. D. (1997). Sexual behavior of maternally separated gibbons (Hylobates). Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 31(2), 149-161.
Navara, K. J. (2010). Programming of offspring sex ratios by maternal stress in humans: assessment of physiological mechanisms using a comparative approach. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 180(6), 785-796.
Novak, M. A. (2003). Self‐injurious behavior in rhesus monkeys: new insights into its etiology, physiology, and treatment. American Journal of Primatology: Official Journal of the American Society of Primatologists, 59(1), 3-19.
Pizzutto, C. S. (2003). The importance of animal well-being for reproduction in captive. Annual Review of Biomedical Sciences, 5, 39-44.
Poole, J., & Granli, P. (2009). Mind and movement: Meeting the interests of elephants. An elephant in the room: the science and well being of elephants in captivity Center for Animals and Public Policy, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University.
Quirke, T., O’Riordan, R. M., & Zuur, A. (2012). Factors influencing the prevalence of stereotypical behaviour in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Applied Animal Behaviour Sciences, 142(3-4): 189-197.
Resende, L. D. S., Pedretti Gomes, K. C., Andriolo, A., Genaro, G., Remy, G. L., & Almeida Ramos, V. D. (2011). Influence of cinnamon and catnip on the stereotypical pacing of Oncilla Cats (Leopardus tigrinus) in captivity. Journal of applied animal welfare science, 14(3), 247-254.
Robert, T. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. Sexual Selection & the Descent of Man, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, 136-179.
Rollin, B. E., (2017). The ethics of animal research. The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies, 345.
Sambrook, T. D., & Buchanan-Smith, H. M. (1997). Control and complexity in novel object enrichment. Animal Welfare, 6(3): 207-216.
Searle, J. R., & Willis, S. (2002). Consciousness and language. Cambridge University Press.
Shepherdson, D., Brownback, T., & James, A. (1989). A mealworm dispenser for the Slender‐tailed meerkat Suricata suricatta at London Zoo. Int. Zoo Yearbook., 28(1): 268-271.
Skynner, L. A., Amory, J. R., & Hosey, G. (2004). The effect of visitors on the self-injurious behavior of a male pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus). Zoologische Garten, 74(1): 38-41.
Sterk, E. H. A. (2013). Can we learn from human mental disorders to diagnose mental disorders in pets? (Master's thesis).
Stoner, L. (2013). Animals as entertainment. Issues, (103): 34.
Tiefenbacher, S., Novak, M. A., Jorgensen, M. J., & Meyer, J. S. (2000). Physiological correlates of self-injurious behavior in captive, socially-reared rhesus monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25(8), 799-817.
Tran, M. V. (2014). The scent of cannibalism: the olfactory basis of cannibalism in hermit crabs. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 457(1): 8-14.
Venugopal, B., & Sha, A. A. (1993). Visitor behaviour at lion-tailed macaque in the Mysor zoos. Zoos Print J., 8: 45-48.
Weinberg, J. & Levine, S. (1980). Psychobiology of coping in animals: the effects of predictability. In Coping and health (pp. 39-59). Springer, Boston, MA.
Yasmeen, R., Raza, A., Khan, B. N., Mazhar, S., Bokhari, S. S., Rafi, U., & Qurashi, A. W. (2018). Estimation of heavy metal exposure in captive facilities of African lion (Panthera leo). Pakistan Journal of Science, 70(4), 291.
Yasmeen, R., Shaheen, S., Khan, B. N., Bokhari, S. S., Rafi, U., & Qurashi, A. W. (2020). Faecal Matter of Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Acts as Bioindicator of Heavy Metals Contamination in the Air. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(2): 813.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.