Monitoring of Oak decline phenomenon and their impact on biomass and leaf area in the forest stand, Yasouj
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15252950Keywords:
Crown dieback, Healthy, Leaf area, TreeAbstract
Monitoring forest stands can provide valuable information to forest managers. This study shows the phenomenon of Persian oak decline in a 1-hectare plot. The study was performed over four years, and it was used to see the changes in leaf dieback, with all of the trees, a total of a hundred trees, were analyzed. Trees were classified into four dieback categories: healthy trees, trees with crown dieback, trees with less than 50% crown dieback, and trees and trees that had more than 50% crown dieback. Trees that had the dieback. Also, leaf area was monitored. In the first year of the study, 65% of trees experienced crown dieback. There was a change in dieback, and after a year, 10 to 25% more trees had crown dieback. Over time, it reached about 80%. According to the research, the leaf area decreases from the healthy category to the completely dead one. It turns out the average leaf area in high forest trees was higher than in coppice trees. The study of leaf area also showed a strong correlation between the crown dieback and leaf size. The study also found that the trees with a crown dieback of over 50%, had consistently smaller leaves than healthy trees.
References
Abbass, K., Qasim, M.Z., Song, H., Murshed, M., Mahmood, H., & Younis, I. (2022). A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29, 42539–42559.
Arefipour, M.R. (2009). Investigation of the Causes of Oak Tree Dieback in the Forests of Ilam Province. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 22p.
Askari, Y., Iranmanesh, Y., & Pourhashemi, M. (2024). Monitoring some of soil characteristics in the Vezg and Toutnadeh forest stands in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 77(2), 173-185.
Brasier, C.M., Robredo, F., & Ferraz, J.F.P. (1993). Evidence for Phytophthora cinnamomi involvement in Iberian oak decline. New or unusual records. Plant Pathology, 42: 140-145.
Brasier, C.M. (1996). Phytophthora cinnamomi and oak decline in Southern Europe. Environmental contraints including climate change. Annals of Forest Science, 53: 347-358.
Br´eda, N., Huc, R., Granier, A., & Dreyer, E. (2006). Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences. Ann. For. Sci. 63, 625–644.
Corcobado, T., Moreno, G., & Solla, A. (2013). Variations in water table, soil water deficit and fine root loss caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 189: 92- 99.
Delfan, S., Badehian, Z., Zarafshar, M., & Graham, J.H. (2021). Oak decline alters leaves and fruit of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.). Flora 284, e151926.
Ghanbary, E., Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M., Mirabolfathy, M., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M., & Rahaei, M. (2017). Growth and physiological responses of Quercus brantii seedlings inoculated with Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica under drought stress. Forest Pathol 47: e12353.
Golmohammadi, F., Hassanzadeh navroodi., I. Bonyad, A.E., & Mirzaei, J. (2017). Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Dieback Severity of Trees in Middle Zagros forests of Iran (Case Study: strait Daalaab, Ilam Province). Iranian Journal of Biology, 30(3), 644-655.
Haidari, M., Jahanbazi Goujani, H., & Pourhashemi, M. (2023). Investigating the oak trees dieback in the northern and southern aspects of Baneh forests. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 76(3): 257-268.
Haidari, M., Jahanbazi Goujani, H., & Pourhashemi, M. (2023a). Investigating the oak trees dieback in the northern and southern aspects of Baneh forests. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 76(3): 257-268.
Hamzehpour, M., Kiadaliri H., & Bordbar, K. (2011). Preliminary study of manna oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) tree decline in Dashte -Barm of Kazeroon, Fars province . Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2): 363 -352.
Henareh, J., Jahanbazi Goujani, H., Pourhashemi, M., & Hashemi Khabir, Z. (2024). Monitoring the dieback of oak trees and its effect on leaf and acorn characteristics in the Zagros forests of Piranshahr, West Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 76(4): 329-339.
Hoseini, A., Hoseini, S.M., Rahmani, A., & Azadfar, D. (2014). Comparison between two oak stands (healthy and affected by oak decline) in respect to characteristics of competitive environments at Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(4): 606 -616.
Jactel, H., Petit, J., Desprez-Loustau, M.L., Delzon, D.P., Battisti, A., & Koricheva, J. (2012). Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biol. 18, 267–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02512.x.
Jung, T., Blaschke, H., & Obwald, W. (2000). Involvement of soilborne Phytophthora species in Central European oak decline and the effect of site factors on the disease. Plant Path. 49, 706–718.
Kim, H.N., Jin, H.Y., JaKwak, M., Khaine, I., You, H.N., Tae Yoon Lee, Ahn, T.H., & Youg Woo, S.Y. (2017). Why does Quercus suber species decline in Mediterranean areas? Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 10(3):337-341
Mahdavi, A., Mirzaei, J., & Karami, O. (2015). The status of dead standing trees in Zagros forest (Case study: Bioreh Forests in Ilam Province). Journal of Forest Sustainable Development, 1(4), 329-340.
Mirabolfathy, M., Groenwald, J.Z., & Crous. P.W. (2011). The occurence of charcoal disease caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea on chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) in the Golestan forest of Iran. Plant Disease, 95(7): 876.
Najafi Harsini, F., Oladi. R., & Pourtahmasi. K. (2018). The mutual relationship between earlywood vessel features of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) and tree mortality. Iranian Journal of Forest, 10(2).167-179.
Philip, M., David, R., & Leon, A. (1983). Oak decline. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet. 165, 1-8.
Pourhashemi, M., Jahanbazi Goujani, H., Hoseinzade, J., Bordbar, S.K., Iranmanesh, Y., & Khodakarami, Y. (2017). The history of oak decline in Zagros forests. Iran Nature, 2(1): 30-37.
Suarez, M.L., Ghermandi, L., Kitzberger, T. (2004). Factors Predisposing Episodic Drought-Induced Tree Mortality in Nothofagus– Site, Climatic Sensitivity and Growth Trends. J. Ecol. 92, 954–966.
Taghvayipour, E., Salehi, A., & Askari, Y. (2016). Distribution pattern of declined Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) trees in forests of Tol -e Ghah, Yasuj. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24(1), 53 -64
Thomas, F.M., Blank, R., & Hartmann, G. (2002). Abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions as causes of oak decline in central Europe. Forest Pathology, 32(4): 277–307.
Tomiczek, C. (1993). Oak decline in Austria and Europe. J. Arboric. 19, 71–73.
Tulik, M., & Bijak, S. (2016). Are climatic factors responsible for the process of oak decline in Poland?. Dendrochronologia, 38, 18-25.
Worrall, J.J., Egeland, L., Eager, T., Mask, R.A., Johnson, E.W., Kemp, P.A., & Shepperd, W.D. (2008). Rapid mortality of Populus tremuloides in soutwestern Colorado, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 255, 686–696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.071
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JWB applies the 